Techniques
A flick book is a variety of images which are slightly altered on each separate page so when you flick through the book it creates the illusion that the image is moving. In 1894. Rotoscoping is usually a sequence of rotated images that the artist traces from each frame and each frame the artists traces he makes a slight change and photographs each frame. In 1915. Adobe After Effects is a software used to add different effects onto a piece once you have done it, it has many tools on it such as digital motion graphics and visual effects. Toon Boom Studio is mainly used for animation purposes, as it is "easy to use" and has a variety of different tools to use for animation such as stop-motion and bones animation. In 1994. Traditional animation is also known as "drawn animation" or "cel animation" this is where each picture/frame is drawn by hand to create the illusion of movement. They were all originally drawn on paper. The first cel animation film was made in 1906 - Humorous Phases of Funny Faces. Photographic stills is also known as stop motion animations in which is the method of making images create the illusion of movement within them. They do this technique by taking a still object and photographing it and then moving it slightly then taking another photograph and then repeat. Bitmap graphics is when you take a picture using a digital camera or scan an image it creates a bitmap graphic. It is made up of tiny pixels, bitmap graphics usually loose quality and sharpness in the images. Vector graphics are made up of points, lines, curves and shapes which usually makes up computer graphics. You can usually resize vector pictures as they do not tend to loose quality in the image |
What is Animation?
Animation is a series of images/models/drawings in which it is played in a sequence to create the idea of motion and movement within the picture, it is the process in which the shape changes which creates an illusion of movement.
Equality and Diversity in Animation
Equality and diversity in animation is important as it's treating anyone and everyone the same in the workplace for example in the early years of animation there wasn't many women within animation as they thought it was more of a "mens" job and when women eventually got the opportunity to work in animation they wasn't paid the equal amount at the start but as time progressed diversity and equality became the same between men and women.
Development of Animation
The thaumatrope was invented in 1825 by John Ayrton Paris, it is a disk which has one image on either side of the disk and you attach string either end and twirl and it creates the illusion of the images becoming one. The Phenakistocope made in 1831 by Joseph Plateau is a spinning disk with a range of images on it which create a sequence which then creates the illusion of movement. The Zoetrope invented by William George Horner in 1834. This device is a cylinder and it works by a sequence of images on the inside and slits on the outside and you spin in and look through the slits and it creates the idea of motion. Then in 1887 in which H.W. Goodwin who invented nitrate celluloid film, but it was highly expensive. About 10 years later Thomas Edison in 1893 created the Kinetoscope which only one person each time could view a series of frames which created a film. There is a light over a high speed shutter which quickly changes each frame which then creates the illusion of movement. The Lumière brothers Auguste and Louis were French film makers in 1800's and 1900's era. They made 7 films in their lifetime together. The brothers had invented their own device which was a camera with printer and projector and called it the Cinématographe. In 1906 James Blackton creates a film which are a series of different drawings which is named "Humorous Phases of Funny Faces". The first "animated film" was made by Emile Cohl which was made in 1908 and was named Fantasmagorie. In 1914 Windsor McCays "Gertie the Dinosaur" was released into theaters. Len Lye started his film making career in the early 1920's he was known for his kinectic sculptures and experimental films Walt Disney who are now one of the main animation companies was founded in 1923 created animated movies such as "Fantasia" and "Peter Pan", Disney is still one of the major animated film companies that exist. Warner Brothers Cartoons was founded in 1930 which Walt Disney himself used to own. It was founded by Harry Albert Sam and Jack Warner who were brothers. They have become one of the biggest names in animation history they have created films such as Space Jam and The Ant Bully. Norman McLaren was a film director he was a pioneer of many different aspects of animation such as drawn-on-film, visual music and abstract film. He begun his work in 1936. A group of directors in 1937 made the first animated movie "Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs" it was the first ever full length animation, it was made using all hand drawn animations. In 1940 Walt Disney made the first animated movie to have stereophonic sound within it called "Fantastia" in which Mickey Mouse was introduced. Pinocchio was also made in this year by the same company. Hanna-Barbera was an American animated company which begun in 1957 created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, they made animated TV shows some of their shows included The Flintstones, Scooby-Doo and Tom and Jerry. H in 1964 Ken Knowlton, working at Bell Laboratories he started developing computer techniques for producing animated movies so it was easier for animators to create animated films. Yellow Submarine was an animated fantasy film which was inspired by the band The Beatles. It was released in 1968,it was directed by George Dunning. The real Beatles usually voiced the characters voices. In 1982 Tron was made by the company MAGI and they used graphics and animation to create real life looking animation using CG animation and graphics. In 1993 Jurassic Park was the first CG film in which used animation to create animal like creatures as well as humans. In 1995 "Toy Story" which was the first animated movie to use CGI graphics was made by Pixar's Disney, John Lasseter was the director of the movie. Toy Story was the first Pixar movie ever made. A Scanner Darkly was produced in 2006 by Richard Linklater, this animated film took 15 months to make as they used "interpolated rotoscoping" which was used for traditional animation. Richard used an animation software called Rotoshop. Persepolis is an animated black and white film and was made in 2007 produced and directed by Marjane Satripi, the producer used two different animation platforms to create the film. The film represented both equality and diversity in the world. |
Genres and Forms in Animation
The types of genres in the cinema have a huge variation such as:
The most popular genre being Romantic Comedy. The types of genres in advertisement have a big variation such as:
The most popular genre being Modern. The types of genres in children's TV have lots of variation such as:
The most popular genre being Activities. The types of genres in computer games have a wide variation such as:
The most popular genre being Action. |